Monday, December 12, 2011

Terra Madre Day at Toronto Harbourfront

There were about 40 chefs and farmers and value-add vendors showing off their Ontario sourced food products for the one day event. I gave away samples of roast garlic puree on toasted bread.  They loved it.
Good timing with the TTC street car behind me.

Saturday, December 3, 2011

Farmers' Markets - Vendor Marketing Tips

Dave Alexander, at Everdale's Farmers Growing Farmers course invited me to give a talk to this years Farmers Growing Farmers class on marketing tips for farmers' market vendors. It was a lot of fun, and a chance for me to distill my experience in farmers' markets, both as a vendor and as a manager.

Tuesday, November 1, 2011

Garlic is planted!!

My favorite machine at Whole Circle: the Farm all.
25,000 garlic cloves planted. Three rows to a bed. Five beds each 900 feet long. 45 different strains of garlic.
Fueld over the long days by steak, beans, fried eggs & pancakes cooked in a coleman burner at the side of rhe field, we got it done

Monday, September 26, 2011

Toronto Garlic Festival a Huge Success

After several months of  planning the Toronto Garlic Festival came and went, but it left a lingering smile on the faces of the thousands of visitors who came and tasted Ontario garlic. I was a little apprehensive as I drove down to the festival site in the dawn light. So many things to plan and think of over the last six months. What had I forgotten? What had I not thought of or planned for?

Morning greeting with Michael from Chocosol Traders
Stamping hands - no time for a break!
As the first farmers and food vendors arrived and got set up at their tables I could feel the momentum build.  Joe Mehevic, the city councillor came to cook breakfast for the farmers. A CTV cameraman arrived. The last of the farmers came and set up. Then the first few festival visitors trickled in. Within an hour of the 9 am start time the 30,000 square foot pavilion was filling up. Garlic farmers selling garlic were interspersed with chefs cooking with garlic, like a giant checkerboard, and a dream for the garlic lovers who came from across Toronto and the surrounding region. From 9 to 4 pm five thousand visitors came through the pavilion.

A garlic chocolate mob scene at Chocosol
 Kashmiri Saffron Rice with golden butter fried garlic by Chef Sanjiz... garlic chocolate mole tortillas with refried beans, goat chefre, fresh arugula, toasted sunflower and pumpkin seeds and maple-chili spice from the chocolatiers at Chocosol Traders... mini-garlic pasteured beef burgers by Chef Brad Long... bruschetta on olive oil and garlic rubbed baguette from Chef Anne Sorrenti. The only problem with these garlic inspired delicacies served up by the chefs was that they soon sold out.

My dream to create a garlic festival in Toronto had come true, and except for a few logistical items, like the need for improved bus transportation, and more volunteers, it was a great success.



Deborah and I with friends from Whole Circle Farm, where I interned
in 2010. I was proud to have them as a vendor at the garlic festival
 
 

Chef de Cuisine Jack Sobocinski from Canada's National Ballet School demonstrated how to prepare pork tenderloin
with garlic and herbs

Chef Rodney Bowers sold out of his meatballs

Professor Robert Litke, giving away garlic. Bob (and Paul Pospisil from the Garlic News) got me started in garlic


Garlic farmer and member of the Garlic Growers Ass'n, Al Cowan



A proud former  New York City digital media exec turned garlic farmer,
farmer's market manager and garlic festival organizer.

Monday, July 25, 2011

For the Love of Garlic

From my garlic farmer friends Sheri and Julie Fleischauer at  Golden Acres Farm in Gadshill Ontario



It started very innocently, like most things do. In 2005, we began paying attention to the 25 garlic strains that had crusaded onto our farm. Originally, Bob Litke, influenced by Ted Maczka, had pleaded the cause and asked our mom, Dianne, to grow 12 kinds. And every year thereafter, we offered sanctuary to more and more heritage, rare and endangered garlics. The garlic took to our clay/loam soil and produced robust, savory pungent bulbs. With this success, we decided to sell our 2006 crop. Today we grow 98 strains of certified organic seed garlic on just over half an acre of land.

Our father, Rob, has been farming organically since 1990. He has established a rotation to ensure our soil isn't depleted. Our 100 acre farm is divided into 6 fields; spelt, soybeans, corn, buckwheat, mixed grain, and most importantly, an alfalfa and clovers mix. The alfalfa and clovers are beneficial because all of their green bulk is mowed and returned to the soil. Somebody once commented that our farm is like a giant composter. This is how we can grow crops without using animal manure or other ammendments. Our garlic is grown in the spelt field that was rejuevinated the previous year by the alfalfa and clovers. The spelt and garlic are both planted in late September. By always planting within the spelt field, our garlic has become part of our rotation and is planted in a new place every year.

We plant, harvest and clean all our garlic by hand. This year we will be experimenting with scuffling earlier than last year. Because we refrained from mulching this past fall, the ground will dry off faster and the scuffler won't get plugged up. Harvesting with shovels allows us to observe our different garlics and ensures that we maintain their integrity. We document our observations and Julie does drawings in true colour of plants, bulbs, basal roots, cloves and bulbils. After harvesting, we cure our garlic naturally in the loft of our bank barn.

In 2007, Bob Litke encouraged us to participate in the first annual Stratford Garlic Festival. (Stratford, Ontario is just a ten minute drive south of us.) Along with Bob and another garlic grower, John Roth, we squeezed into one booth not knowing what to expect. Within the space of 3 hours, all our garlic was in the hands of garlic enthusiasts. We have participated in the festival ever since and we are looking forward to this year on September 10 & 11. Besides garlic, we will also offer our dried flower bouquets and garlic jewelry. Sheri will be debuing her fine art that features garlic.

As young adults, we are at a stage in life where we want to define our purpose. Food production is a huge part of our lives and we feel at home hoeing a row of garlic under the summer sun. Garlic is a way for us to continue working on our family farm and we hope, making a difference in the food system. Our goal is to operate a small-scale, sustainable farm business while inspiring people to grow their own garlic.

Wednesday, July 6, 2011

Great Garlic Recipes

We can't get these out fast enough.
The Greenbelt Farmers' Market Network has
been a great supporter, helping to print and distribute
these recipes to farmers' markets across the GTA and beyond.

Saturday, July 2, 2011

Heat Stroke?

I think I got a mild case of heat stroke when I went to the garlic patch afer the farmers market to pull more scapes. I'd forgotten how important it is to drink lots of water when your standing in the heat.

Wednesday, June 29, 2011

Urban brains behave differently from rural ones


From The Economist
Urban brains behave differently from rural ones

Jun 23rd 2011
from the print edition

Shelley contemplates urban decay

“HELL is a city much like London,” opined Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers have a 21% higher risk of developing anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of developing mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained obscure—until now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and country bumpkins when they are under stress.

In Dr Meyer-Lindenberg’s first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were doomed to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25-40%). To make the experience still more humiliating, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.

The urbanites’ general mental health did not differ from that of their provincial counterparts. However, their brains dealt with the stress imposed by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC). The amygdalas are a pair of structures, one in each cerebral hemisphere, that are found deep inside the brain and are responsible for assessing threats and generating the emotion of fear. The pACC is part of the cerebral cortex (again, found in both hemispheres) that regulates the amygdalas.

People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. Not that surprising, to those of a Shelleyesque disposition. In the case of the pACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a person’s childhood, the more active his pACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.

The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the here-and-now whereas the pACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be correlated with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. fMRI allows such correlations to be measured.

In the cases of those brought up in the countryside, regardless of where they now live, the correlations were as expected. For those brought up in cities, however, these correlations broke down. The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite, in other words, seems to be out of kilter. Further evidence, then, for Shelley’s point of view. Moreover, it is also known that the pACC-amygdala link is often out of kilter in schizophrenia, and that schizophrenia is more common among city dwellers than country folk. Dr Meyer-Lindenberg is careful not to claim that his results show the cause of this connection. But they might.

Dr Meyer-Lindenberg and his team conducted several subsequent experiments to check their findings. They asked participants to complete more maths tests—and also tests in which they mentally rotated an object—while investigators chided them about their performance. The results matched those of the first test. They also studied another group of volunteers, who were given stress-free tasks to complete. These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the pACC, suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental exertion.

As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small (and therefore not as robust as might be desirable) and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship. That association is, nevertheless, interesting. Living in cities brings many benefits, but Dr Meyer-Lindenberg’s work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.

Picking the scapes

I picked about 2,000 scapes. I also removed some of the mulch and did some weeding.

Monday, June 20, 2011

"Stop and Smell the Soil"


BY PETER MCCLUSKY  Summer 2011 issue of Edible Toronto




“Hey, check out this advertisement for farm interns,” I said to my partner Deborah between bites of spinach salad.

Whole Circle Farm offers an eight month farm internship… spring begins with tapping for maple syrup and work on the garden starts in the greenhouse, followed by raising of livestock, working the field, selling produce, making compost and biodynamic preps, food preservation, building and tractor maintenance; plus field trips and in-field and inclass education. Weekly stipend of $50 comes with room and board and access to vehicles. We promise long back-breaking days starting at 6 am.

I’d just come off my first summer growing vegetables part time in a small patch provided by a friend at FarmStart’s McVean Farm in Brampton. A small part-time patch it was, and a farmer I wasn’t. My “harvest” consisted of one gourd, an epic failure. Frozen dinners were looking better and better.

After ten years of running the international department of a digital stock photo agency in midtown Manhattan (selling things like airbrushed photos of tomatoes), I no longer wanted to sit in an office where the closest thing to a vegetable garden was the mould blossoming in the overhead air vents. Could farming be the change I was looking for? Or was it merely something to occupy my daydreams while I rode the elevator each morning? I’d soon find out after quitting my job and returning to Ontario.

“Well, Peter, this is as good a time as any for you to work on a farm. Call them.”

I choked on my limp spinach.

“No, no, no! It’s not healthy to wake up so early...$50 a week?” I sputtered. “What year is this? 1934? If you think it’s such a good idea, Deborah, why don’t you go?”

It was a cold grey day in March when I showed up at Whole Circle Farm in Acton, Ontario with too much luggage. I stashed my suitcases under my narrow bed, the handles facing out. The first month was hellish, mornings in particular. Prior to being fully awake, I sometimes thought I was back in my Brooklyn apartment – until I’d hear the cock-a-doodle-doo of roosters outside my window. I’d half fall out of bed, briefly stretch my battered bones, and feel my way down the stairs to the kitchen. Gazing at the snowcovered fields from inside the farmhouse common room, heated by a wood stove, there was no inkling of the verdant fields I’d imagined. Already some of the interns were complaining: “I can’t take it.” “Why do we have to do things this way?” “This is slave labour.”

My concerns were graver. My back hurt, I was waking up with headaches, and I found it hard to relate to most things. At office jobs there were familiar features, like staplers, water coolers, power point presentations and swivel chairs. On the farm I listened with knitted brow to talks about three-point hitches, green manure, and how to tamp seeds. While the other interns worried about making it to November, I was thinking each morning that I wouldn’t even make it to noon, when I’d be sent away on a Medevac with my ten suitcases. I buried my car keys deep in my sock drawer and swore to myself that I would make it to November.

The drip, drip of the icicles at the entrance to the vegetable wash shed harkened the arrival of spring. We began to see the fruits of our labours, including the thousands of sprouting seeds we’d planted in the greenhouse. I started to keep meticulous notes so I could later remember the concepts I’d learned.

From the beginning we were exposed to some amazing things. Staring into the mist-shrouded vat of a maple syrup evaporator, we got a lesson from an 80-year-old sugar-shack operator on the subtleties of making maple syrup. Heather and I visited a local butcher who explained, cut by cut, the major parts of a cow. Nitya and I built a thermophilic compost pile (and I suffered minor burns when I excitedly plunged my hand into it). And Monique helped me prep a bio-intensive bed using a broadfork.

Some things brought us closer to understanding the ebb and flow of life on a farm. We watched 400-pound Greta give birth to seven piglets. A few days later she rolled over them, killing them all. Greta would no longer be useful for breeding, and the next week I thought of her while grilling pork chops marinated in crushed sage and minced Rocambole garlic.

Being on an organic farm with no herbicides, we spent many hours hunched in the field, weeding by hand, hoe and Farmall. I had an affinity for the Farmall, a tractor with steel discs that knock out weeds alongside a vegetable row. It’s mundane and unforgiving work. One moment of distraction and twenty feet of spinach becomes coleslaw.

The greatest revelation for me was to smell and taste the farm food. Breakfasts included hot oatmeal from oats we’d ground the day before and soaked overnight in creamy homemade yogurt, and eggs from the pasture-raised chickens. The bacon tasted like… bacon and superbly complemented the pancakes that were made from our own red fife wheat. Cooked in sweet butter from a neighbour’s farm, they slid off the griddle and onto our plates, which overflowed with chocolate-brown-coloured maple syrup distilled from the thousand gallons of sap we’d carried from a maple bush. At night the frenetic whoosh-whoosh of the slippered footsteps of interns Andrew and Heather in the kitchen meant that yet another couple of loaves of fresh-baked bread were on the way. No five-star hotel could match the quality ingredients from Whole Circle or the culinary passion of the interns. Complaints about the workload and the “hundred miles of weeds” were muted at mealtimes when we ecstatically gorged our way through another brilliantly prepared meal.

My weekly turn to cook became known as Spaghetti Tuesday, with a recipe that’d shrunk to four ingredients: olive oil, tomatoes, thyme, and a whole bulb of garlic. I was growing my own garlic, from twenty rare strains, at FarmStart, and was gradually discovering the range and subtlety of each.

One day in late September, I led tours for about twenty separate groups visiting the farm. I explained how soil fertility connected the components of the farm – the cows, chickens, pigs and vegetable garden – to the great-tasting meals they produce. I felt like a revivalist preacher as I walked and pointed and asked children and adults to reach down and smell a handful of soil. I had finally grasped why I was there and later thanked Deborah for helping me take the leap. And I would never have been as impassioned and informed about farming as I was that day if not for the guidance of Johann and Maggie Kleinsasser, the farm stewards at Whole Circle Farm. Their farm internship program is a blend of hard work, education, and plenty of humour.

I also learned many things that were applicable outside of Whole Circle Farm. I went to monthly board meetings in Aberfoyle with a group of community members keen on starting a market centered around farmers, and I was happy to contribute the marketing skills I’d acquired in New York. Now, a year later, farmers and customers meet every Saturday in the new pavilion at the Aberfoyle Farmers’ Market, which includes a market café to showcase the local produce. I was also inspired to initiate the First Annual Toronto Garlic Festival, featuring Ontario garlic and food prepared with garlic, which will take place this fall.

Everything on the farm seemed beyond my ken when I arrived. After my eight-month internship, it’s supermarkets that seem peculiar, with their photos of farm scenes plastered above the fruit and vegetable aisles. On a recent trip to the grocery store I looked up at those images, including those of airbrushed tomatoes, and wondered which stock photo agency they’d come from. In my former life I might have sold the rights to those digital photos; now I grow the tomatoes.

Peter McClusky, garlic farmer, is the manager of the Aberfoyle Farmers’ Market (Saturdays from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m.) and director of the First Annual Toronto Garlic Festival to be held September 25 at Evergreen Brick Works. Visit his personal farming blog at www.PeterOnTheFarm.blogspot.com.

Garlic Field Day in Maberly, Ontario June 26

PROGRAM

GARLIC FIELD DAY 2011

AT THE SMALL-PLOT GARLIC VARIETY TRIALS SITE

BEAVER POND ESTATES, MABERLY, ONTARIO

SUNDAY JUNE 26, 2011 starting at 10:00 am

Morning Program:


09:00- 10:00 am : Arrival and registration. Name tags provided.

10:00 : Welcome & introductions – Paul Pospisil

: walking talk of the Garlic Trials Plots (sketch layout)

11: 00: Leek Moth Updates

- OMAFRA, Margaret Appleby

- A/AFC, Peter Mason, Andrea Brauner

- Solida Pheromones, Marc Charbonneau

- Row cover experiment, Carolyn Smith

- Discussion, all attendees

12:00: Lunch Break, own arrangements, complimentary coffee & drinks providfed

- sharing & sampling table

(eat your lunch around Ted Maczka’s van to see his latest projects)

Afternoon Program:


13:00: Bulb & Stem Nematode Updates

- OMAFRA, Michael Celetti

- New Liskeard Research Station, Becky Hughes**

- Discussion, all attendees

14:00: Marketing: Updates on Garlic Festivals planned for summer & fall 2011.

: Grower announcements

14:30: Networking: Discussion & Question session. Growers are welcome to buy, sell, or exchange their garlic and garlic information.

15:30: end of Field Day program. Attendees are welcome to stay and enjoy their outing at the “Beaver Pond”.

: This is the time to order garlic from the trials and renew memberships in the Garlic News.


**Nematode Sample Drop Off: Commercial growers participating in the GGAO/ OMAFRA Nematode testing program may drop off their garlic samples at the field day. Becky Hughes will collect them for testing

Saturday, May 28, 2011

Aberfoyle Farmers' Market

After more than a year of planning the Aberfoyle Farmers' Market had a great launch. I resigned from the board of the Aberfoyle Farmers' Market Association so that I could assume the role of Market Manager.
We have an average of 30 vendors, and are truly a farmers' market. Our farmers are no further than 45 miles away, and with a few minor exceptions, all that they sell they produce.

Thursday, April 7, 2011

Criteria For Choosing a Place To Grow 50,000 Garlic

I'm looking for a plot to plant an acre of garlic in October to November, about 50,000 cloves. They'll come from the approximately 8,000 bulbs I expect to harvest in July. I've been considering 5-6 farms to plant the garlic.  Thanks to my internship last year I have an idea of the questions to ask. But I've found that it's still a bit of a mystery to choose the "correct" place. I know what questions to ask, but figuring out what to do with the answers is another thing. Some of the questions I've used in my query are listed here. Items marked with a #1 are a priority, 2 are less important.
  • Location    
  • Growing Zone   
  • Are Owners Aware of the features of their farm?    1
  • Owner is Ok For Peter to get garlic plot Organic Certified?    1
  • What is the Past Growing method in proposed garlic plot?    1
  • Crop Rotation History    1
  • Distance to Other Alliums on farm or neighbour's farm (to protect against disease such as stem and bulb nematode)?   
  • Land Orientation & Slope   
  • Soil Type    1
  • Soil Properties    1
  • Weed Types
  • Access to Irrigation
  • Exposure to wind
  • Opportunity to plant living mulch in late Aug? 
  • Cost to Access Certified Organic Compost    2
  • Cost to Access Certified Organic Mulch    2
  • Does soil Requires Spring Preparation for Oct, 2011 Planting?    2
  • Access to min 1 ½ acres in 2011    2
  • Potential To Expand to more acreage  in 2012 and beyond?    3

  • Access to Labour in That Area?    2
  • Access to Machines and reliable Repair    1
  • Access to Handheld Tools    2
  • Access To Curing Shed    1-2
  • Access to Electricity? (for fan)   
  • Access to Long term Storage    2

  • Overnite Accomodation?   
  • Ok To Bring Workers onto land?   
  • Access To Outhouse (for workers)    2
  • Access to Markets    2
  • Someone to keep an eye on plot     2
  • Consideration (method of payment)
  • Opportunity to learn from farm owner    3
  • Does Owner have Tax Exemption Certificate? (maybe they can get it through my garlic sales)?   
  • What type of liability insurance do they have?
  • Other Issues   

Wednesday, April 6, 2011

Baby Steps


My friend Eric is wanting to get into farming and is considering various possibilities. He has a full time city-based job. It reminds me of where I was two years ago, when I resigned from my job in New York, and I was back in Toronto. To get into farming represents a massive swtich for most people. It's much more than making a career change. How would a person start on this quest? What baby steps could a person take?



Here are some ideas on how to start into farming. Some seem trivial, but they are a way to reintroduce us city dwellers back to nature. Along the way you'll discover if you really ant to farm

  1. Buy a package of seeds and plant them (better yet, invite someone to plant the seeds with you).
  2. Plant a window box in your home or at the office.
  3. Go to a farmer' market and get to know the farmers. Ask if you can visit their farm.
  4. Join a CSA (Community Supported Agriculture), where you get a basket of produce every week for the season. Many CSA farms will invite customers to visit their farm, and some will welcome volunteers.
  5. Start a compost pile, either with red wriggler worms or a hot compost. You'll be amazed to watch vegetables break down. It's a great science experiment for kids.
  6. Start a garden on your balcony or in your backyard.
  7. Join a community garden or volunteer with one.
  8. Watch for other city-based opportunities, such as volunteering to install a roof top garden.

If you feel bold, you could intern on a farm or become a woofer. Woofers are people who volunteer on farms for short periods of time. It's like being an intern but it's a lesser level of commitment for both the volunteer and the farmer. Go to "World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms" - http://www.wwoof.org/.

The quantum leap would be to buy a farm. I know city-based people who bought a farm without any experience. Many wish they'd first interned and learned more about farming before buying their own farm.

Start with small steps. It will open up your mind and lead you to like-minded people and exciting idea.

Friday, February 25, 2011

Madison Avenue On the Farm

As I'm writing my Garlic Plan for the farm business course I'm taking through Everdale (Farmers Growing Farmers), there are two motivations. One is a concern about farm issues, including food security and the need to expand our production of locally produced food, to increase local food prices and, the need to increase peoples' awareness of the importance of locally produced food, one of which is locally grown garlic. My other motivation is concerned with the sales and marketing and distribution aspect of garlic. In this area I'm looking at garlic as a product, and what's the best way to develop this product. I'm using techniques that, I hope, are similar to what a marketing company does when they develop a product.

The difference for me is that I feel a greater level of satisfaction doing product development for my locally grown garlic than if it were say, a new design for a soup spoon. We don't need for people to buy another set of soup spoons, but we do need people to buy more local food, and for farmers to be paid a fair price for their hard work in producing that food.

I do find however, that I sometimes need to temper my position, as some people seem to feel that being a farmer and a business person do not belong together. I disagree. I think that a farm can be a platform to help educate people about local agriculture, and it can also be a well run business, marketing strategies and all. The more that farmers can borrow from the marketing methods of Madison Avenue the better off they'll be. There is a limit, however.

Perhaps a Few Guidlines are:
Farmers must recieve a fair price - this means that the farmer has to do a better job of recognizing his/her value. Only in this way will they do a better job of negotiating price.
Farmers must find more ways to sell directly to Consumers - Middlemen mean less profit and control for farmers. A problem is that there are not many direct sales options, aside from CSA (community supported agriculture), on-farm sales, and farmers' markets. There are however, more and more farm product distribution models emerging, such as 100 Mile Market, which gather and distribute farm products direct to consumers. Also, there are more companies which are creating added value products from local ingredients, such as Easy As Pie.

These companies remove the burden of conducting marketing and distribution from the farmer, but these new middle men are more philosophically aligned with farmers and, I assume more willing to negotiate a fair price. They are not the people and companies pushing cereal at the supermarket, where farmers receive a mere fraction of the profits. We need more of this new type of distribution model, since CSAs, farmers' markets and on-farm sales are limited in their reach.

(There are false farm friends emerging. These are corporate entities which purport to be supportive of farmers, and are not. As the demand for local produce grows it's not surprising to see corporate motivated companies pretending to be farm friendly. More on this later).

Farm Products Must be true to the cause - we can't get to the point where we're selling products just to increase the bottom line, without regard for other factors. For example, Greenhouse tomatoes grown in oil-fueled greenhouses may be stretching the limit. If the idea of organic and local farming is to lessen our dependence on petroleum-based fertilizer and oil-dependent global transportation, then raising oil-heated greenhouse tomatoes, although "local," would be a false solution, a mirage. Perhaps the solution is to sell tomatoe-based preserves in the winter - relish, tomatoe soup, etc. Or, we simply get used to the idea of not having tomatoes in the winter. And when summer comes, those lush heirloom tomatoes taste all the better.